- MMX
MMX is trademarked (cap / trademark) Intel, which contains understanding of processor enhancement in video compression & decompression, image manipulation, encryption, Input / Output processing.MMX is a technology that is fully named as Intel MMX Technology. MMX is an expanded microprocessor instruction that helps the calculation process in multiple applications, namely multimedia applications, games, two-dimensional image editor, compression / decompression, encryption, and other applications
- 3DNOW!
3DNow! is the name of a technology made by AMD that serves to improve the aspect of multimedia operations, which will be used on the production processor. 3DNow! designed to increase CPU capacity in vector processing / processing required for intensive graphics applications.
3DNow Technology! is the result of the development and improvement of the MMX instruction set. The mathematical operating system is developed from an integer only, expanded by an improved floating point calculation system. AMD does require 3D calculations within the scope of floating point.
- SIMD ( single instruction multiple data )
How SIMD works can be illustrated as follows:
for example if you want to change the dark brightness of the monitor screen, one way is to change the value of brightnessnya, changes in brightness value means involves changes in the value of three basic colors of red, green and blue. The values of the three basic colors are read from memory. Then these values are changed and written back to memory. Because the image on the monitor is composed of pixels then the modified data is large and in the form of a matrix.
The processor with SIMD will assume the data was one block. The processor with SIMD will sneak a lot of data in just one instruction, this kind of speed up the calling of data, instead of calling it in series or one by one that is widely applied to processors that do not have SIMD or are called ancient processors.
- SSE
SSE, which is the result of development and refinement of MMX technology. SSE is a larger development set of SIMD instructions, with 32 bit floating point support and the addition of 128 bit vector register sets, which facilitate SIMD and Floating Point Unit operations simultaneously.
SSE technology was first introduced in February 1999. Until now, most modern processors are equipped with SSE technology. This technology by Intel is also licensed to the company
SSE2, which also develops MMX instructions so it can operate on 128-bit XMM registers. At that time, SSE and SSE2 were exclusive technologies that only existed on Intel processors.
SSE technology was first applied to Intel Pentium III processor which was Katmai password, so it is often called other processor, for example to AMD and Cyrix / VIA.
Into the first SSE version, 70 new instructions were added for better processing of graphics and sounds than those provided by MMX instructions. In addition to adding MMX processing calculations that only handle integers, SSE also adds calculation capabilities to floating-point numbers, and uses separate SSE units instead of using the same FPU as MMX.
SSE was further developed into the name of Katmai New Instructions (KNI)
On September 27, 2006 through IDF (Intel Development Forum) intel informed SSE4 technology will be developed
- EM64T dan AMD64
The EM64T and AMD64 instruction set can create an x86 perosesor that is originally a 32 bit processor, converted into a 64 bit processor. The x86 processor is a 32 bit processor that can only directly access up to 4 GB of physical memory. For future needs, the size of 4 GB is not enough, both manufacturers were initiative to develop it, making the x86 instruction set extension. they added 64-bit computing capabilities into the x86 architecture. The development result is called x86-64 which later renamed EM64T and AMD64.
0 comments:
Post a Comment