Various kinds of technology on the processor part 2

• EIST dan Cool’n’Quiet

This technology works by lowering the clock rate and voltage of the processor when the processor is in Idle condition (idle or 'silent, not working'). The decrease in the clock rate and the overall voltage aims to reduce the power consumption consumed by the computer, and reduce the heat generated by the processor and slow the cooling fan to keep the noise quieter, less noisy. The name Cool'n'Quiet design means cool and calm, in accordance with the conditions gained due to the application of this technology. Cool'n'Quiet is also called Power Now !. And Intel's SpeedStep (Intel's proprietary technology), both of which are widely applied to laptops to conserve power that is contained in the battery, so the laptop can be operated longer.

• NXbit

NX bits are technologies used by processors to separate some memory areas for other storage areas, such as data storage. This memory section is marked (attribute NX) which means it can only be used for data storage. Processor instructions can not occupy that part of the memory and can not execute it. This is a common technique known as 'executable space protection'. Malware usually inserts / infers the codes into programs in the data storage space / area, then runs them from within the data store space. With the NX bit technology, malware activity can be prevented or anticipated.

NX bit features are commonly found in Havard architecture processors. However, then the NX bit technology was also found used for security purposes in conventional 'von Neumann' processors. Intel uses NX bit technology on its processor products, and the technology is named XD bit. Parties AMD uses this NX bit with the name AMD's NX bit. Both XD bits and AMD's NX bits have the same function, just different in name

• VT-x, VT-I dan AMD V

T-x and VT-i provide two different techniques for solving address-space compression problems.

With VT-x, any transition between the guest software and VMM can change the linear address space, allowing the guest to use the full software's own address space. The vmx transition is managed by VMCS, which is in the physical address space, not the linear address space.

With VT-i, VMM has a little virtual-address that guest software can not use. A VMM can hide hardware support for this bit by intercepting guest calls for PAL procedures that report the number of virtual-address bits implemented. As a result, guests will not expect to use this slightly prominent, and hardware will not allow it to do so, giving it the exclusive use of VMM half virtual-address space.

• Hyper-Threading Technology

Talking about cores, threads, and Hyper-Threadbisa get a bit confusing. To make things simple for the rest of this article, Hyper-Thread will be called hardware thread, and / Otingkat S thread software thread. Just like refreshment, the core is 1 CPU. Each Core ™ i7 or Xeon® 5500 shipping processor currently has 4 cores. You must have a processor, chipset, operating system, and BIOS that all tech support. Fortunately its not far from the problem. Many desktop and server platforms are shipped with Nehalem-based processors including this support. Most of these platforms will allow you to enable or disable Hyper-Threading Technology as a BIOS option (it must be enabled by default). You can see your CPU information using TaskManager in * Windows, and / proc / cpuinfo on Linux *. If you have a supported platform and Hyper-Threading enabled, you will see twice the number of CPUs as you physical cores on your platform. For example, if you have a dual-Xeon® series 5500 server processor, you will see 16 CPUs. (16 hardware threads running 8 physical cores, 2 threads per core.)

•  Turbo Boost

Intel Turbo Boost technology is one of the many exciting new features that Intel has built into the latest generation. Automated enables processor cores to run faster than basic operating frequencies if operating under power, current and temperature specification limits. The maximum frequency of Intel® Turbo Boost Technology depends on the number of active cores. The amount of time Intel processors spend in the Turbo Boost Technology state depends on the workload and operating environment, providing the performance you need, when and where you need it. Intel Turbo Boost technology features the CPU while improving performance by increasing the frequency of one or more cores. How much frequency increases depends on the number of inactive cores, ie in C3 or C6 core states, and how active core weight is utilized. When only one core is active, the frequency can be increased with frequency up to 2 steps (266 MHz) .. When more than one core is active the frequency can be increased by one frequency step (133 MHz). Unlike Dual Dynamic Acceleration feature, which is used in older generation quad-core processors and can increase the frequency of only two CPU cores, Turbo Boost Technology can increase the frequency of all 4 cores.

• Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Instructions Set

The architecture consists of six instructions that offer full hardware support for AES. Four instructions support AES encryption and decryption, and two instructions support AES key expansion.

The AES instruction has the flexibility to support all AES usage, including all standard key lengths, standard operating mode, and even some nonstandard or future variants. They offer significant improvements in performance compared to pure software implementations today.

Intel® AES instruction is a new set of available instructions starting with all new 2010® family of Intel Core ™ processors based on 32nm Intel® codename Westmere microarchitecture. This instruction enables fast and secure encryption of data and decryption, using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) defined by the FIPS Publication number 197. Since AES is currently the dominant block cipher, and used in various protocols, valuable new hints for various applications large.

• AVX.

AVX is a new set of 256 bit instructions defined as an extension of SSE and is designed for applications that are Floating Point (FP) intensive. It will be released in 2010 as part of the Sandy Bridge processor family and will be present on platforms ranging from notebook to server. Intel AVX improves performance due to wider vectors, new extensible syntax, and rich functionality. This leads to better data management and common applications such as image processing, audio / video, scientific simulation, financial analysis and 3D modeling and analysis. AVX is a new set of instructions that currently only exist in Sandy Bridge only. AVX is more efficiently used on single thread saan.